How to File a Small Claims Claim — Without a Professional

Small claims is one of the most powerful tools everyday people have — and most people don’t know how easy it is to use.

What Is Small Claims?

Small claims is a simplified official process designed for everyday disputes involving money. It’s faster, cheaper, and less formal than regular proceedings. You don’t need a professional to represent you — in fact, many small claims venues don’t allow it.

What Can You File a Claim For?

Common small claims situations include:

• Landlord keeping your security deposit without justification
• A contractor who took money and didn’t finish the job
• Unpaid money owed to you
• Damage to your property
• Refunds a business refuses to give

Dollar Limits by State

Each state sets a maximum amount you can claim. Some examples:

• New Jersey: $5,000
• California: $12,500 (individuals)
• Texas: $20,000
• New York: $10,000 (NYC Special Civil Division)
• Florida: $8,000

How to File

1. Find your county’s small claims office — search “[your county] small claims special civil” or visit your state’s court website
2. Fill out the complaint form — describe what happened and how much you’re owed
3. Pay the filing fee — typically $30–$100 depending on your state and claim amount
4. Serve the other party — the filing office will usually handle this, or give you instructions
5. Show up on your hearing date — bring all your evidence: receipts, photos, texts, contracts, and a clear written timeline

Tips for Winning

• Bring everything in writing. Judges love documentation.
• Keep it simple. You have limited time — focus on the key facts.
• Send a demand letter first. Many disputes settle before the hearing once the other party realizes you’re serious.
• Be professional. Stay calm, be respectful, stick to the facts.

Free Resources

• Your state filing office self-help center — most state filing office websites have step-by-step guides
• Dial 2-1-1 for local guidance
• USA.gov small claims guide: www.usa.gov/small-claims-court